For manipulating or updating JSON (or XML) using path expressions, refer to the set keyword. Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. How do you find the longest decreasing subsequence of a sequence? So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *. The extension of the feature file is " .feature ". And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. To run the application in multiple environments choose one of the environment-specific commands from the following: 1] npm run start:development 2] npm run build:staging 3] npm run build:qa 4] npm run build:production Access the variables in-app For accessing the variables in the .env file you should use the process. _ > 0'. Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. If youre looking for more complex ways of dynamically naming your scenarios you can use JS string interpolation by including placeholders in your scenario name. # using a static method - observe how java interop is truly seamless ! To run a script *. Karates capabilities include being able to run tests in parallel, HTML reports and compatibility with Continuous Integration tools. Each functionality of the software must have a separate feature file. This will create a folder called myproject (or whatever you set the name to). A Gherkin file is saved with the ".feature" extension. For those who use Gradle, this sample build.gradle provides a gatlingRun task that executes the Gatling test of the karate-netty project . And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. ] But since some-reusable.feature is above AnimalsTest.java in the folder hierarchy, it will not be picked-up. See this other example for more ideas: dsl.feature. This can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in a certain production like or sensitive environment. JSON can be combined with the ability to call other *.feature files to achieve dynamic data-driven testing in Karate. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. You can perform database validations with karate by following the below steps. GET Method: Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. The match keyword can be made to iterate over all elements in a JSON array using the each modifier. Since the eval keyword can be omitted when operating on variables using JavaScript, this leads to very concise code: Refer to eval for more / advanced examples. @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. The match operation is smart because white-space does not matter, and the order of keys (or data elements) does not matter. Since templates can be loaded using the classpath: prefix, you can even re-use templates across your projects via Java JAR files. name: Smith And yes, variables can come from global config. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. For example, here below is an actual report generated by the cucumber-reporting open-source library. When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. How do you get out of a corner when plotting yourself into a corner. What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. For performance reasons, you can implement enableForUri() so that this activates only for some URL patterns. Karate is an open-source Behavior Driven Development (BDD) framework that allows conducting the following types of tests with no need to write additional code:. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. So you have the following type markers you can use instead of def (or the rarely used text). predicate marker to validate that the value of totalPrice is always equal to the roomPrice of the first item in the roomInformation array. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. You can use this to assert that it was returned within the expected time like so: Karate will attempt to parse the raw HTTP response body as JSON or XML and make it available as the response value. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. You may face issues if you attempt to mix in JS functions or Java code. """, # given this invalid input (string instead of number), # but this 'combined form' will fail, which is what we want, # * match date == { month: '#number? So you get the best of both worlds: the elegance of JSON to express complex nested data - while at the same time being able to dynamically plug values (that could even be other JSON or XML trees) into a template. But the recommended way is to use the karateEnv(name, value) or systemProperty(name, value) API on the parallel-runner. JSON arrays), see, convenient for the common case of transforming an array of primitives into an array of objects, see, useful to merge the key-values of two (or more) JSON (or map-like) objects, see. When you have a large and complex project, you will end up with a few data files (e.g. This enables more concise tests, and the file can be re-usable in multiple, data-driven tests. 1234 to customize configuration output), Array of rectangles that should be ignored during image comparison, Resemble ignore preset. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. (with no space in between). Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. Checking if a string is contained within another string is a very common need and match (name) contains works just like youd expect: For case-insensitive string comparisons, see how to create custom utilities or karate.lowerCase(). For JUnit 5 you can omit the public modifier for the class and method, and there are some changes to import package names. To run a script *. Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? convenient way to execute an OS specific command and return the console output e.g. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. when a string coming from an external process is dynamic - and whether it is JSON or XML is not known in advance, see, get the value of a variable by name (or JsonPath expression), if not found - this returns, returns only the keys of a map-like object, log to the same logger (and log file) being used by the parent process, logging can be suppressed with, access to the Karate logger directly and log in debug. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. Format of the trustStore file. If you really need to re-use a Java function, see Java Function References. You can define the base URL in Karate with the keyword. You can easily select (double-click), copy and paste this file: URL into your browser address bar. 1 How to run a specific feature file in Karate? The tests eecutes fine if i use maven command or run from runner file( .java). Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. And for dealing with binary content - see bytes. Of course the actual time-durations, and logs will be missing, and everything will pass. multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. { The method signature of the assertTrue has flipped around a bit. Mocks writing. And if being called in a loop, a built-in variable called __loop will also be available that will hold the value of the current loop index. Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). So if you really wanted to assert that the HTTP response body is well-formed JSON or XML you can do this: Very rarely used - but you can get the Java system-time (for the current response) at the point when the HTTP request was initiated (the value of System.currentTimeMillis()) which can be used for detailed logging or custom framework / stats calculations. Some characters such as the hyphen - are not permitted in lenient JSON keys (because they are interpreted by the JS engine as a minus sign). This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. common.feature. Anyway, there are times when you may want to force integers (perhaps for cosmetic reasons) and you can easily do so using the double-tilde short-cut: ~~. It gets the value of any Java system-property by name. If you are just trying to pre-define schema snippets to use in a fuzzy-match, you can use enclosed Javascript to suppress the default behavior of replacing placeholders. An additional-level of auto-conversion happens when objects cross the boundary between JS and Java. please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. Mac: Cmd+V. Keywords such as set and remove allow you to to tweak payload-data to fit the scenario under test. Here is a summary of what the different shapes mean in Karate: There is no need to prefix variable names with $ on the left-hand-side of match statements because it is implied. In This video explained how to call one feature file from another feature file by using the call and read functions. Parallel testing is the core functionality that is provided by the Karate itself, hence we need not depend on Maven, Gradle, etc. } How to save karate.prevrequest between feature files? Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). This is possible by prefixing contains with a ! The last boolean argument is whether the karate-config.js should be processed or not. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. $ represents the response. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. In some cases where the response JSON is wildly dynamic, you may want to only check for the existence of some keys. Re-use can sometimes result in negative benefits - especially when applied to test-automation. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. It is a great example of how to effectively use the unique combination of Cucumber and JsonPath that Karate provides. Keep in mind that you should be able to comment-out a Scenario or skip some via tags without impacting any others. {2}', id: '#uuid' }, # convenient (and recommended) way to check for array length, # here we enclose in round-brackets to preserve the optional embedded expression, # so that it can be used later in a "match", """ or is the configured value a JSON object ? sportName: '#string', And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. You can use karate.callSingle() directly in a *.feature file, but it logically fits better in the global bootstrap. You can add (or over-ride) variables by passing a call argument as shown above. This is like the opposite of set if you need to remove keys or data elements from JSON or XML instances. Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. You can find a lot more references, tutorials and blog-posts in the wiki. } Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. But first, a special short-cut for array validation needs to be introduced: This in-line short-cut for validating JSON arrays is similar to how match each works. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2. JavaScript Functions are also native. Which suggests that the step should be in the When form, for example: When method post. this is what most teams do. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. You can also sort arrays of arbitrary JSON using karate.sort(). But, unlike Cucumber, the steps do not require a . Add a runner Java class with Karate Junit 5 test. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. 82 lines (69 sloc) 3.06 KB. Naturally, only one value can be returned. or $[. If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. } It is also possible to invoke a feature file via a Java API which can be useful in some test-automation situations. And as a testing framework, Karate discourages tests that give different results on every run. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). You should take a minute to compare this with the exact same example implemented in REST-assured and TestNG. Note the extra convenience where you dont have to enclose the LHS key in quotes. The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. } Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. If your XPath is dynamic and has to be formed on the fly perhaps by using some variable derived from previous steps, you can use the karate.xmlPath() helper: You can refer to this file (which is part of the Karate test-suite) for more XML examples: xml-and-xpath.feature. Note that url and request are not allowed as variable names. This is especially useful when capturing screenshots during tests and comparing against baseline images that are known to be correct. If you are looking for a way to do something only once per Feature, take a look at callonce. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. karate-chrome. status: '#number? The specific value here varies from request to request, so check the response value using Fuzzy Matching provided by Karate. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. A common use case is to mix API-calls into a larger test-suite, for example a Selenium or WebDriver UI test. All arrays no matter the depth will be checked in this way. A feature file is usually a common file which stores feature, scenarios, and feature description to be tested. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. And Karate gives you control over these aspects with the small set of keywords focused on HTTP such as url, path, param, etc. When the level is DEBUG the entire request and response payloads are logged. Also refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary JavaScript that can be useful in some situations. This is convenient for complex nested payloads where you are sure that you only want to check for some values in the various trees of data. There are a few situations where this comes in handy: As a convenience, you can omit the eval keyword and so you can shorten the above to: This is very convenient especially if you are calling a method on a variable that has been defined such as the karate object, and for general-purpose scripting needs such as UI automation. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. The main island is separated from Peninsular Malaysia to the north by Johor Strait, a narrow channel crossed by a . _ == _$.roomInformation[0].roomPrice' }, """ Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. These are built-in variables, there are only a few and all of them give you access to the HTTP response. Karate provides its own DSL (Domain Specific Language), which uses a Gherkin-like language enabling one to write tests without programming knowledge, and write tests in .feature files. The default is 30000 (30 seconds). String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. Note that for. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. 3) Go to TestRunner.java file created in the step above and run it as JUnit Test. [ { "roomInformation": [{ "roomPrice": 679.79}], "totalPrice": 679.79 } You need to be familiar with Karate in order to understand the Calling Custome Java Code in Karate API Teststutorial. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. After every HTTP call this variable is set with the response body, and is available until the next HTTP request over-writes it. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. And in case we have multiple Gatling simulation files and we want to choose only one to run, we may use the following command. This means that as long as the token on file is valid, you can save time by not having to make the one or two HTTP calls needed to sign-in or create throw-away users in your SSO store. The structure should be a def keyword followed by a variable name and a value. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. } Variables can be referred to within JSON, for example: So the rule is - if a string value within a JSON (or XML) object declaration is enclosed between #( and ) - it will be evaluated as a JavaScript expression. For convenience, a null value will be ignored. This is useful when you ship a JAR file containing re-usable features and JavaScript / Java code and want to default a few variables that teams can inherit from. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. entityState: "ACTIVE" The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! You get to choose how to manage your environment-specific configuration values such as user-names and passwords. And if you do this within a Background: section, it would apply to all Scenario: sections within the *.feature file. Refer to the documentation for cookie for details and how you can disable this if need be. Allowed keystore types are as described in the, if all server certificates should be considered trusted. A URL remains constant until you use the url keyword again, so this is a good place to set-up the non-changing parts of your REST URL-s. A URL can take expressions, so the approach below is legal.
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